1976 AAIMHQEQESNT(1) 1 Phage display (subtractive panning) 1 PMID:22720103 Anti-VSG LiTat 1.5 polyclonal antibody Variant surface glycoproteins LiTat 1.5, VSG LiTat 1.5 Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) A negative selection was conducted with endemic negative serum antibodies coated on magnetic particles. One of 188 phage clones reacted in the sandwich ELISA. 1977 SAGFENDGTKLA(1) TGLPTTNKQTSS(1) 2 Phage display (subtractive panning) 2 PMID:22720103 Anti-VSG LiTat 1.5 polyclonal antibody Variant surface glycoproteins LiTat 1.5, VSG LiTat 1.5 Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) A negative selection was conducted with endemic negative serum antibodies coated on magnetic particles. Two of 188 phage clones reacted in the sandwich ELISA. 1978 AYSKPTIKLANP(3) LPLATADKNGRT(1) DKLDNPGGPTVG(2) LQMPHNSKTANP(1) INGQFSLKYRNP(1) LMPNKISNFASA(1) DQTCNSPPCPPL(1) STLPPPQGKIIH(1) WYPLHSGLRSYY(1) NKSTTNDFLRSP(1) NGDYLQYKAPNP(1) NTVRPPTLFYHW(1) WHSEYQEPYPLS(1) LDKNVLSPPMPL(1) HHMSWYSRWLPV(1) WWKPWSNFYGST(1) LNTQNHAPLPSI(1) 17 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:22720103 Anti-VSG LiTat 1.5 polyclonal antibody Variant surface glycoproteins LiTat 1.5, VSG LiTat 1.5 Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) A negative selection was conducted with endemic negative serum antibodies coated on magnetic particles. Seventeen of 188 phage clones reacted in the sandwich ELISA. 1979 QWGWNMPLVEAQ LLADTTHHRPWT HSHLHIHSGIQA NHVHRMHATPAY HSSHHQPKGTNP HSSPHFSRTWAS HYQHNTHHPSRW HHRTLSPSVSIL HSSPHFSRHGLL HHGHSPTSPQVR NTIHHRHHMPPP SHNHPPRHTAHS SSGLRHSHHQHP HSKLNNRHHALL HTKPHHTPTQRA GHIHSMRHHRPT HS-X(2)-H 16 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:22720657 Oxygen-terminated sides of single-crystalline ZnO (000-1) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 1980 ERSWTLDSALSM SNNDLSPLQTSH DSSNPIFWRPSS SILSTMSPHGAT SHALPLTWSTAA LLADTTHHRPWT HVSIHRTTHHEM MKPDKAIRLDLL HYPTAKFHAERL TKNMLSLPVGPG FNTGSQMHQKFP HSSHHQPKGTNP HHTHRVDVHQTR FGLTAPRSASIL APRLPQSLLPQL HHGHSPTSPQVR SHNHPPRHTAHS HSKLNNRHHALL HTKPHHTPTQRA 19 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:22720657 Zinc-terminated sides of single-crystalline ZnO (0001) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 1981 RRRKRPIRRKLR(1) HIRLTLSRNKNT(1) TRTMTMNQNRRS(1) PQTNQTTMKMRM(1) IMPTKKIPPIIM(1) 5 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:22743126 Helicase, Hel Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 1982 KKTPPIRIRHRP(1) NIPIKPRPRLMK(1) SPHIIRNHRLSK(1) HRILMRIRQMMT(1) RIIRKSQRSLMN(1) RQPRTPMTRLSR(1) IIRHRSMIITIT(1) KTRTMQMRNRMP(1) RMRSKRRKITTR(1) 19 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:22743126 RNA-directed RNA polymerase, Pol, RdRp Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) P9 (HRILMRIRQMMT) exerted the highest antiviral activity with an IC50 of 56 mM, and the minimum toxicity to cells. It was proved that p9 inhibited PRRSV replication in infected MARC-145 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the amino acid sequence of HRILMRIR was important for antiviral activity of p9. Also, p9 could bind to the cell membrane and penetrated into cells. 1983 AGKGTPSLETTP(4) GPLPKTYAIPSS(2) AHQANFPSSSAI(1) DNVHTTLSQPST(1) FPSSSNHYPWAE(1) KLTTNPSSPLNY(1) TPRAELHFGQSS(1) 7 Phage display (in vivo) 3 PMID:20145035 Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines BEL-7402 Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA Phage binding assay was performed by using cell-based ELISA. The absorbance at 450 nm was determined. Selectivity is calculated using the following formula: Selectivity = (ODS1-ODC1)/(ODS2-ODC2). Here, ODS1 and ODC1 represent the values of the binding to BEL-7402 cells by the selected phage and control phage, respectively; ODS2 and ODC2 represent the values of the binding to control cell line HL-7702 by the selected phage and control phage, respectively. The phages with selectivity above 2 are considered to be positive clones. Phage clones A54, A67, and B2 seemed to have the most specific binding ability in cell-based ELISA. It was found that the peptide sequences AGKGTPSLETTP, TPRAELHFGQSS and AHQANFPSSSAI were displayed on phage clone A54, B2 and A67, respectively. Tumor was raised by s.c. injection of 1.0e6 BEL-7402 cells per mouse in 200μL culture medium with 10% FCS into the flanks of the nude mice. When tumors reached a size of ∼1 cubic centimeter, phage library containing e11 colony-forming units (CFU) was injected through the tail veins of the mouse. After phage A54 (AGKGTPSLETTP) was injected i.v. into the xenograft-bearing mice for in vivo distribution, phage enrichment was found in tumor tissues compared with control phage C10 and normal liver tissues through phage titering and immunohistochemical staining. Next, the specific binding ability of synthesized peptide A54 was further confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, competition binding, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay. A54 and A54M (sequence AGKGTAALETTP) were synthesized and coupled to doxorubicin (DOX) to do the preliminary targeting therapy. After the treatment, the proliferation of liver cancer cells treated with A54-DOX was restrained significantly in vitro when compared with A54M-DOX-treated group. Reduction in tumor size and prolongation of long-term survival were also found in xenograft-bearing models compared with free DOX-treated group. In conclusion, the specific binding peptide A54, which was screened from phage display library, represents a promising approach for the development of novel target therapy strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma. 1984 WMPSDVDINDPQ QPKPAAEAASKK WYSSMSEDKRGW 3 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:22123020 Zirconia Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) DNA sequencing of the corresponding portion of Ф#17 (WMPSDVDINDPQGGGSRPNLHQPKPAAEAASKKKSENRKVPFYSHSWYSSMSEDKRGW) unexpectedly revealed that it displayed a 58-mer peptide. The authors found that Ф#17 had a 300-fold, significantly higher binding affinity for zirconia discs than phages displaying no peptide. In quartz crystal microbalance assay, a rapid increase in energy dissipation was observed from Ф#17 but not from the control phages, indicating that Ф#17 binds to the surface of zirconia via its displayed peptide. 1985 YITPYAHLRGGN(14) 1 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:22435500 Amorphous spherical silica particles (15 nm diameter) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 1986 KSLSRHDHIHHH(20) 1 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:22435500 Amorphous spherical silica particles (82 nm diameter) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 1987 LDHSLHS(16) 1 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:22435500 Amorphous spherical silica particles (82 nm diameter) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 1988 MHRSDLMSAAVR(20) 1 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:22435500 Amorphous spherical silica particles (450 nm diameter) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 1989 NSWTNASLSTFH NSRTNNSQWTFQ ESWTNSWAHYFG ESWTNSWAMYFG QSYTNDDVLRIS QNMNNWTLASIM EVMNNWTLASIM ASISNLTLSRFM HSWSNYWGHQHA HRISNYAMELHS HSLTNTQMTQLS HSLSNIQMATLA HRMTNAMHHFMG HRMTNNAMDVFM HRLTNSEQAALP TAVTNSMMERLW GWGNKTPSQDVH DYTNSVSMRYLS HQLSNKDEQTPQ ADPFSPTNRIPL HSWTNSWMATFL 20 Phage display (subtractive panning, competitive panning) 3 PMID:22508944 Anti-MDA-LDL monoclonal antibody LR04 Malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) Control IgM was used in the negative selection, and then unbound phages were transferred to wells coated with LRO4 (positive selection). In the last biopanning round, LRO4-bound phages were competitively eluted with increasing concentrations (3-150 μg/ml) of MDA-LDL diluted in blocking buffer, followed by elution using elution buffer. Dodecamer peptide sequences were aligned by the Clustal W program to obtain consensus sequences, a dodecamer linear peptide P1 (HSWTNSWMATFL). 1990 CNNWNMPLC CNNRNMPLC CNNYNMPLC CNNQNMPLC CNNWKMPLC CNNSHMPLC CKNSXQPLC CNNSXMPLC CQNSHMPLC CNNSNMPLC CNNSKMRLC CDWAPHFTC CNNSNMPLC 12 Phage display (subtractive panning, competitive panning) 3 PMID:22508944 Anti-MDA-LDL monoclonal antibody LR04 Malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) Control IgM was used in the negative selection, and then unbound phages were transferred to wells coated with LRO4 (positive selection). In the last biopanning round, LRO4-bound phages were competitively eluted with increasing concentrations (3-150 μg/ml) of MDA-LDL diluted in blocking buffer, followed by elution using elution buffer. Heptamer peptide sequences were aligned by the Clustal W program to obtain consensus sequences, a cysteine-constrained heptamer cyclic peptide P2(CNNSNMPLC). 1991 CTSYNEPLC CNLYNEPLC CNLYNEPFC CTVFNEPFC C-x(2)-[YF]-N-E-P-[LF]-C 4 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:23006741 Anti-VACV A33 monoclonal antidbody Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) MAb-1G10 binding peptides were isolated from the conformational library screening, none of which contain vaccinia virus A33 sequence.One consensus motifs were identified:C-x(2)-[YF]-N-E-P-[LF]-C. 1992 CQLKWPFEC CKPTWPFEC CSNSWPHEC CCDDWPHEC CQTSYPYEC CWYDSLIFC C-x(3)-W-P-[FH]-E-C 6 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:23006741 Anti-VACV A33 monoclonal antidbody Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) MAb-1G10 binding peptides were isolated from the conformational library scree-ning, none of which contain vaccinia virus A33 sequence. One consensus motifs were identified: C-x(3)-W-P-[FH]-E-C. 1993 MKPALCEPLCGM(5) NPYCEPVCQDWA(1) SLMRELCEPRCE(1) QLTAQHRDSLSS(1) C-E-P-L-C 4 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:23006741 Anti-VACV A33 monoclonal antidbody Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) The conformationally constrained CEPLC sequence was likely to be functionally identical to the minimal core MAb-1G10 epitope. 1994 CNSHNHHTC[0.055] CHHNLTHAC[0.248] CLKQLQRGC[0.143] CLHHYHGSC[0.330] CTLYHNAGC[NG] 5 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:22759068 Protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPRJ-His6) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) ELISA In phage ELISA, ELISA absorbance values of single phage clones were expressed as the difference between OD405 nm and OD629 nm. NG denotes not given. 1995 WPPKAMTQLGIKAC CGHGLKVQSTLGAC CKPYPKVYGLTGMC CQKLAWLTGKKEKC CTSKPQRWFGLPC CPPKLEQWYDGC 6 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:11179221 G protein β1γ1 subunits Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. f88-4 phage display library pool 1996 CEKRYGIEFC CEKRLGVRSC E-K-R-x-G-x(3) 2 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:11179221 G protein β1γ1 subunits Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. f88-4 phage display library pool 1997 YPWLQSY(6) LSTTLPL(1) 2 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:22828501 Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) We first depleted the M13-derived linear 7-mer peptide phage librariy by preabsorbing the library on beads coated with wild-type HIV-1 IN.Phages remaining in the supernatant were used for positive selection rounds with LEDGF-coated beads . 1998 CVMGHPLWC(4) CILGHSDWC(3) CVSGHPLWC(2) CVEGHPAWC(1) CVSGHPEFC(1) CVMGHPTWC(1) CVMGHPSWC(1) V-x-G-H-P-x-W 7 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:22828501 Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) We first depleted the M13-derived cyclic 7-mer peptide phage librariy by preabsorbing the library on beads coated with wild-type HIV-1 IN. Phages remaining in the supernatant were used for positive selection rounds with LEDGF-coated beads. Several of the isolated cyclic peptides(CPs) have a common motif (VM/xGHPL/xW) without linear or conformational homology to IN. 1999 FPWMQSYGVGIN(30) 1 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:22828501 Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) We first depleted the M13-derived 12-mer peptide phage librariy by preabsorbing the library on beads coated with wild-type HIV-1 IN. Phages remaining in the supernatant were used for positive selection rounds with LEDGF-coated beads. 2000 IPLPPPSRPFFK 1 Phage display (subtractive panning) 4 PMID:22791264 Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B 3MJG, Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) e11 plaque-forming units were added on immobilized negative target (EGFR) in 96-well plates. After incubation for 1 h at room temperature, medium containing unbound phages was transferred on the immobilized positive target (PDGFRβ) and further incubated for 1 h at room temperature. 40% of the clones isolated on immobilized protein displayed the peptide sequence: IPLPPPSRPFFK.