601 CIATPYKGC(2) CDDRPPKSC(1) CRPSTAPMC(1) CSHSQHEMC(1) CSSHKNMAC(1) CNHNHRDPC(1) CHGVLPLSC(1) CSPLQAPYC(1) CSSRSLPDC(1) CGSLALNLC(1) CDHRGHYGC(1) CPPNSTPVC(1) CHWSCPPCC(1) CYPRNVLGC(1) CPLRPNAQC(1) CHLFSPLPC(1) CWSERSQKC(1) CHLHNYRLC(1) CNTAHGLLC(1) CPTPSPALC(1) CATGSFPKC(1) CQSNTTQEC(1) CQALYKQLC(1) CARNAESMC(1) CLIGVPRLC(1) CLQRMSYMC(1) CVARPLPHC(1) CNPTRAQWC(1) CPFLKGHTC(1) CPGARNAQC(1) CFAYGSSFC(1) CQPTFQSRC(1) CALRGHPHC(1) CHKSYMLKC(1) CSSLFWHRC(1) 35 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:19275745 Protein SMG7 Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) CDDRPPKSC can bind specifically to SMG7. 602 SHWWWWDARGYD(5) WHYPRWYYPPYN(2) FHWSWYTPSRPS(1) WHWRNPDFWYLK(1) SVSVGMKPSPRP(1) 5 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:19778804 Natriuretic peptides B Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 603 MAHRHPQ(2) AFHGPVH(2) GTTVIAR(1) YQDSAKT(1) DWPLQKL(1) NSFAPQT(1) KTGHTSS(1) KGHSLMP(1) TIPSPKP(1) KVSMNSS(1) NRLGSTG(1) LVQPHTR(1) STEIELY(1) QHSEGAL(1) NTPNLWN(1) STSVLYN(1) SYNQAYP(1) NNVQLPN(1) THDHLPN(1) IPTLPSS(1) QLPGRSG(1) HAIYPRH(1) HYRFDLT(1) LPLTPLP(1) 24 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:19275099 Anti-Human KGF monoclonal antibody Keratinocyte growth factor, KGF Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) The monclonal antibody was bought from R&D Systems. However the clone number of the antibody is not given in the original paper. There are two mouse anti-human KGF mabs from R&D Systems: Clone 29522 and Clone 29568. Both of them belong to IgG1. Clone 29522 can be used in ELISA Capture (Matched Pair)and neutralization; Clone 29568 is for western blot. Thus, we guess the antibody used in this study is from clone 29522. 604 CEPYYPSYC(11) CTSYYPSYC(1) YYPSY 2 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:19857112 Anti-BoNT monoclonal antibody F1-2 Botulinum neurotoxin A heavy chain Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) Twelve clonal plaques were picked for DNA sequencing. 605 CQAYYPSYC(6) CPTWYPKSC(1) YYPSY 2 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:19857112 Anti-BoNT monoclonal antibody F1-5 Botulinum neurotoxin A heavy chain Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) Twelve clonal phage plaques were sequenced for each antibody, with five plaques from the F1-5 experiment failing to yield correct sequences. 606 SYNFNWEYKRHE GLKQSFSWERFK TEALHYTWEHKK SFMFPWEMRPPL NPQAYVWEKKLR 5 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:19951177 Anti-RBD of SARS-CoV spike protein monoclonal antibody S1 Spike glycoprotein Not determined. Not determined. M13LP67-based X12 phage display library 607 TMWPKSDDMRSL 1 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:19951177 Anti-RBD of SARS-CoV spike protein monoclonal antibody S2 Spike glycoprotein Not determined. Not determined. M13LP67-based X12 phage display library 608 YTMKGDTARATA EPSPLKGDVIRT NVYIAKGDSTRK THLIVPKGDHIR 4 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:19951177 Anti-RBD of SARS-CoV spike protein monoclonal antibody S3 Spike glycoprotein Not determined. Not determined. M13LP67-based X12 phage display library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hage display (common panning) 3-4 PMID:18701808 Bone-like mineral (BLM) films; Hydroxyapatite (HA) disks Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA To determine the binding efficiency of the identified phage to the bone-like substrate materials, an ELISA was performed on BLM films, HA disks, PLGA films, and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) wells. In the blocked plate, dilutions of individual phage were prepared in TBST (0.1%) in the concentrations of 1.0e6, 1.0e7, 1.0e8, and 1.0e10 pfu (n = 1 per dilution). HRP-conjugated anti-M13 antibody was prepared in 1:5000 ratio in blocking buffer and added to each well. An aliquot of each well was read on an UV Spectrophotometer (Biorad SmartSpec 3000) at 410 nm. OD410 values of the binding of the identified phage in the concentration of 1.0e10 pfu to HA, BLM, TCPS and PLGA were shown respectively and data were reproduced from the graph. NT denotes not tested. The DNA from a total of 243 clones was sequenced. Nineteen phage sequences emerged multiple times after DNA sequencing (Top19 sequences). Of the 19 clones, 17 were found in more than 1 experiment on the same substrate, either BLM or HA. Of these 17 phage clones, 7 had high affinity towards both BLM and HA (Top7 sequences). Ten of the identified phage were analyzed using a modified ELISA on BLM films, HA disks, PLGA films and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) wells at 4 phage dilutions. Low adsorption of the selected phage to TCPS and PLGA compared to HA and BLM illustrates the identified phage have specificity to apatite-based substrates. Of the 10 peptides tested, favorable phage binding was observed for all sequences except SSLGLTVSSIMY, VSPLSFGSPRYP and WSPAPHVIMGTT. On the other hand, the peptides having the highest affinity and greatest potential for adsorption on HA disks and BLM films include APWHLSSQYSRT, STLPIPHEFSRE and VTKHLNQISQSY. The peptide VTKHLNQISQSY is similar in composition to regions found in fibromodulin, lumican and decorin. Overall, STLPIPHEFSRE and VTKHLNQISQSY have a significantly higher adsorption to the apatite-based materials in comparison to APWHLSSQYSRT. Pay attention to STLPIPHEFSRE. This sequence occurred only once in the 3 phage display experiments; however, it was also included into the "multiple times" group by the authors. 610 CTTQGNPQC(1) CATTKFSGC(1) CLSEQNRSC(1) CKLGFHGKC(1) CKTHAQHEC(1) CYEQHHPGC(1) CTTPHAWLC(1) CPMPRPSSC(1) CTDNTAKNC(1) CSLTTSTLC(1) 10 Phage display (in vivo) PMID:19007831 Rat nose-to-brain Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) The C7C phage peptide display library (Ph.D.-C7C) was applied intranasally to anesthetized rats and recovered phage from the brain tissue 45 min after phage administration. After three rounds of panning, 10 positive phage clones were selected and sequenced. After nasal administration, Clone7 entered the brain within 30 min and exhibited translocation efficiency about 50-fold higher than a random phage. A 11-amino acid synthetic peptide derived from the displayed sequence of Clone7 (ACTTPHAWLCG, the flanking A and G were derived from the M13 coat protein) efficiently inhibited the nasal-brain translocation of Clone7. Both phage recovery results and fluorescent microscopy images revealed the presence of many more Clone7 phage in the brain than in the liver, kidney and other internal organs after the nasal administration, suggesting that Clone7 bypassed the BBB and entered brain directly. Furthermore, both Clone7 and the ACTTPHAWLCG peptide were found to be heavily distributed along the olfactory nerve after the nasal administration, further suggesting a direct passage route into the brain via the olfactory region. 611 FHRWPTWPLPSP(8) MHRHPPPITLPL(3) FPWHFFSPQLRG(3) MHRHPPPITTAA(3) AAFHRAHHLTSP(2) FHSNWPKGSTSL(2) FHRWPTWPTSFS(2) MHRPHFNPTLAT(2) F-H-R-H-P(2)-x-P-T-L-x(2) 8 Phage display (common panning) 3-4 PMID:19115038 Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) For the first and second rounds, bound phages were eluted by adding 1 ml of elution buffer (0.1 N HCl adjusted to pH 2.2 with glycine, 1 mg/ml BSA, and 0.1 mg/ml phenol red). The bound phages in the third and fourth rounds were eluted by adding 1.5 ml of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (10 μg/ml, R&D Biolabs). One hundred clones were randomly singled out. Twenty-five phage clones showing higher rhCD14 binding activity were sequenced. FHRWPTWPLPSP can markedly inhibit LPS induced TNF-alpha expression. 612 GLHVMHKVAPPR 1 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:19117819 Zinc oxide, ZnO Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) GLHVMHKVAPPR bound to and directed the growth of ZnO hexagonal nanocrystals. By altering the concentration of Z1 peptide, the ZnO nanocrystal morphology can be tailored. Additionally, GLHVMHKVAPPR was used to direct the growth of ZnO structures on free-standing silk films. The results demonstrated the utility of peptides in controlling the structure and deposition of ZnO. 613 QQMHLMSYAPGP(19) AHRHPISFLSTL(12) VEAPLHRAQPHY(10) KMDRHDPSPALL(8) AYYPQNHKSKAE(2) APNHIPRPPGLT(1) YPHYSLPGSSTL(1) 7 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:21475935 NCI-H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cell line Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) NCI-H1299 cells were selected as the target cells, and the normal lung small airway epithelial cells (SAE cell line) were used as the absorber cells for a whole-cell subtractive screening. After in vitro selection, 60 individual clones were chosen and sequenced. Seven of these clones were found to be lacking exogenous sequences. QQMHLMSYAPGP-bearing phages binded most effectively to NCI-H1299 cells. The synthetic peptide QQMHLMSYAPGP was demonstrated to be capable of binding to the tumor cell surfaces of NCI-H1299 and A549 cells and biopsy specimens, but not to normal lung tissue samples, other cancer cells, or non-tumor adjacent lung tissues. 614 CNTPLTSRC(1.0) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 1 PMID:19447041 Concanavalin-A, Con A Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). CNTPLTSRC bound strongly to ConA, LCA, and PSA. In addition, it showed marked selectivity by exhibiting weaker affinity toward three mannose-only specific lectins (GNA, HHA, and NPA). 615 STLHALDSHLAL(0.36) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 2 PMID:19447041 ConA and Lentil lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool In the first round, the target was ConA; in the second round, the targets were ConA and LCA. The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). STLHALDSHLAL showed a similar binding profile to that of the negative control phage in ELISA. 616 HWDPFSLSAYFP(0.18) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 3 PMID:19447041 ConA, LCA and Pea lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool In the first round, the target was ConA; in the second round, the targets were ConA and LCA; in the third round, the targets were LCA and PSA. The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). However, no binding experiment was done with HWDPFSLSAYFP. 617 CKPHASSMC(1.0) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 1 PMID:19447041 ConA and Lentil lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). CKPHASSMC bound strongly to ConA, LCA, and PSA. In addition, it showed marked selectivity by exhibiting weaker affinity toward three mannose-only specific lectins (GNA, HHA, and NPA). 618 CSRILTAAC(1.0) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 1 PMID:19447041 LCA and Pea lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). CSRILTAAC bound strongly to ConA, LCA, and PSA. In addition, it showed marked selectivity by exhibiting weaker affinity toward three mannose-only specific lectins (GNA, HHA, and NPA). 619 CSPIYKDTC(1.0) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 1 PMID:19447041 ConA and Pea lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). CSPIYKDTC bound strongly to ConA, LCA, and PSA. In addition, it showed marked selectivity by exhibiting weaker affinity toward three mannose-only specific lectins (GNA, HHA, and NPA). 620 YQTSSPAKQSVG(1.0) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 2 PMID:19447041 ConA, LCA and Pea lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool In the first round, the targets were ConA and PSA; in the second round, the targets were PSA and LCA. The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). YQTSSPAKQSVG bound strongly to ConA, LCA, and PSA. In addition, it showed marked selectivity by exhibiting weaker affinity toward three mannose-only specific lectins (GNA, HHA, and NPA). 621 CKQMGTLKC(1.0) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 1 PMID:19447041 ConA and Pea lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). CKQMGTLKC bound strongly to ConA, LCA, and PSA. In addition, it showed marked selectivity by exhibiting weaker affinity toward three mannose-only specific lectins (GNA, HHA, and NPA). 622 ADPQFSGHTPPQ(0.75) VPPTRPATSTQL(0.25) 2 Phage display (competitive panning) 2 PMID:19447041 ConA, LCA and Pea lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool In the first round, the targets were PSA and ConA; in the second round, the targets were ConA and LCA. The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). ADPQFSGHTPPQ bound to ConA, LCA, and PSA and showed marked selectivity by exhibiting weaker affinity toward three mannose-only specific lectins (GNA, HHA, and NPA). However, no binding experiment was done with VPPTRPATSTQL. 623 CNNPRAINC(1.0) 1 Phage display (competitive panning) 1 PMID:19447041 Pea lectin and Lentil lectin Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 and Ph.D.-C7C phage display library pool The bound phages were eluted by addition of glucose solution (500 mM glucose in TBST). Initial assay optimization studies suggested that the majority of the clones from the C-X7-C library demonstrated higher specificity than the X12 library. An exception to this trend was CNNPRAINC, which therefore was dropped from further study. 624 CKSSLLRNC(4) CQDSLLPSC(1) CYTNLKSMC(1) CALPSSTLC(1) CLASSHANC(1) CPSLSSPFC(1) CTSALQMTC(1) CSPFASLMC(1) CTPRAPLLC(1) CYTPKATRC(1) CTRTSPPHC(1) CNARATHNC(1) CTANNAKAC(1) CYPKMNAFC(1) CLDRHPKYC(1) CWADKIQSC(1) CQADKHNKC(1) CSLHHNKIC(1) CHSTPSAHC(1) CHHPQQRQC(1) CHPTVVYGC(1) CHTQISRSC(1) CINSQTIQC(1) CISSIPHQC(1) CLSPRPAMC(1) CPQAGSRDC(1) CQPPIGRIC(1) CQTQSHRFC(1) CSHQPNTNC(1) CTHKLYKNC(1) [LP]-K-S(2)-L(2), NAKATR, ADKHNK, T-P-x-A 30 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:19632196 Anti-NAV polyclonal antibody IgG Taiwan cobra venom Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) After three rounds of biopanning, 33 phage clones were randomly isolated and sequenced. Among them, 30 different sequences were obtained. The KSSLLRN-carrying phage occurred four times in selected clones and showed the strongest reactivity to NAV monovalent antivenin.3 625 ILLPQPPKLLLP(2) QLTVPTPQPPKP(2) HFGLGILPQPPK(2) APLPQPNKPHLF(2) IVKPVPPKPRT(2) SVEPQPPKADFH(1) TVLPQPSKALPL(1) LPNPYPQPSKVL(1) WSDPQPQKPAQR(1) SILPQPAKPNSE(1) QVLPHPTKAEHF(1) LVLPHPTKMIES(1) AMPIPHPPKPRT(1) HNWYTHLLPPK(1) NLSHPMLSKPWV(1) SYIPVTPHANGL(1) INTWNYPTANPH(1) SWQESLNVPAVL(1) VNNWESRSPPPG(1) HNNWSTHVVTLT(1) GLSALIADLSP(1) P-[QH]-P-x-K 21 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:19772881 Anti-enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) polyclonal antibody IgG Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) Twenty-six clones were picked and sequenced after panning against IgG purified from sera of a child patient naturally infected with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC). The binding reactivity of phage clone bearing NLSHPMLSKPWV was not determined. The binding reactivities of SYIPVTPHANGL, INTWNYPTANPH, SWQESLNVPAVL, VNNWESRSPPPG, HNNWSTHVVTLT and GLSALIADLSP to IgG used for library screening were as weak as control.