2976 CQMHQLSSC CSGMKTTGC CLSPHSMFC CPWWYGPWC CLGVHSSSC CSTPWHQWC CHQHNSMYC CKTENMQSC CSTLKVATC CTVNWYPLC 10 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26922723 Human squalene synthase(hSQS) BPH701 (1-phospho-4- (3-(4-pyrolphenoxy) phenyl) butane-1-sulfonic acid Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) 2977 VVPWAGL WTVHTLS HMFPWRQ QSWLPSL GYKDFSA RILITIP WASKVAR 7 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26896129 Hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 2978 TPARHIY TLLRVDN GSGNAFM MPLGFKA NERALTL VQPIPAT 6 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26896129 Fusion glycoprotein F0 Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 2979 CGSPAPNAC CALIPPLLC CRVTLPPHC CLPSTFRGC CLPALARSC CSPLSVLSC CVHSPMRLC CTPSGHSAC CSPSFGPRC CSWSALFGC CSTVSPFLC CPSIYPLLC CGIPERSSC 13 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:26762591 Mucin-5AC Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) After its pre-incubation within a well blocked with the blocking buffer followed by a pre-incubation within a well coated with 100 μL of MUC2, the peptide library was incubated within a well coated with MUC5AC. 2980 LVRPLAL(15/16) KPHQGLI(1/16) 2 Phage display (competitive panning) 4 PMID:26833245 Hemagglutinin, HA Ganglioside GM3 Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) GM3, one of the receptors of HA, was used to obtain phages that bound with the receptor-binding site of HA. 2981 STQHHHHSKQSR(32) HWKPHSNLHLSR(8) WPGHHNHSMKHK(6) HLKHTHNTHYKT(4) 4 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:26913962 Glycoprotein Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) Biotin was added to displace any phages bound to the streptavidin and the plates were washed 15 times with TBST to remove non-binding phages. 2982 HFPSPIFQRHSH(6/34) YHPNGMNPYTKA(4/34) QHRFANHLIFKT(1/34) WHKPWMFGKLTQ(1/34) HRQNVSQPVNPQ(1/34) HPSSPTPSPWRF(1/34) LSATSRLQFPSI(1/34) HYKYYPTASVMK(1/34) HFNRDWQKIHGP(1/34) HPIWYPTNINRQ(1/34) KVWTIDTAHTRA(1/34) GAFHVWQPTVTM(1/34) HQSKISIAVDQP(1/34) SSWWGEGMNKSY(1/34) 14 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26903196 Milled wood lignins Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 2983 KIWIPPKPMSPW(1/34) LAPRHTHSIHPS(1/34) MHTQRTPWIFSL(1/34) SMGPTRTPPPNT(1/34) HSAKLWLIPSMS(1/34) GLKVWTVQPPHV(1/34) YTQVPTKMQLGG(1/34) QMKCCIATYNPP(1/34) SYGLKPFMPWYS(1/34) VNNHWDNSHPNT(1/34) QMSITLQNSYLI(1/34) SLDAWEVERRST(1/34) 12 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26903196 Milled wood lignins Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 2984 VQHNTKYSVVIR(4/36) KGPHFPSPHVAL(2/36) YHPNGMNPYTKA(2/36) SHEPVLMIQKFK(2/36) VQHNRKYSVVIR(1/36) WTPNKLKTMQVK(1/36) AITHGAKMPAKI(1/36) LPTKTLYPHVRM(1/36) STVKYHNHNRNF(1/36) VPHMAPHRIAAQ(1/36) FATNHRTTHERI(1/36) DHAARNWVERQR(1/36) VQHNTKYSDVIR(1/36) VQHHHSYKGVTY(1/36) 14 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26903196 Milled wood lignins Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 2985 SKMAHMERSWEV(2/36) MNRHSSLPLKPW(1/36) AHNVMVATKIPK(1/36) LTLNKHPNSHHI(1/36) KLSNFHPQGSMM(1/36) THLGLYQRNTMN(1/36) SKHNYPSQGPVF(1/36) QKTNHHAHIWDG(1/36) HHGWVSPQYGVA(1/36) LPKHNEHYFTMP(1/36) LVNYQSELHQTR(1/36) DMKWTLKEWMTH(1/36) GQHNTNGNQTIT(1/36) VSLNTDYWNRNY(1/36) QEQDWTNSQRIN(1/36) 15 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26903196 Milled wood lignins Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) 2986 HYIDFRW(2/24) GHDPTPL(2/24) TVNFKLY(1/24) 3 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26896661 Fe3O4 nanoparticles Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 2987 TVNFKLY(6/37) HYIDFRW(1/37) TSTGAIA(1/37) APFNFGN(1/37) VPASPWT(1/37) GQSEKHL(1/37) MNSNIPI(1/37) 7 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26896661 Fe3O4 nanoparticles Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 2988 LNLQTQL(12/50) HYIDFRW(7/50) TVNFKLY(4/50) GQSEKHL(3/50) MNSNIPI(3/50) QLAVAPS(3/50) TSTGAIA(2/50) GVEGHKP(2/50) APFNFGN(1/50) VPASPWT(1/50) 10 Phage display (common panning) 5 PMID:26896661 Fe3O4 nanoparticles Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 2989 TSRTPLHKP RAGGFEKHS 2 Phage display (common panning) 2 PMID:26739405 Anti-birch pollen HMW allergens monoclonal antibody BIP3 Pollen allergens Not determined. Not determined. pVIII-9aa.Cys phage display library (CX9C) 2990 CHKLRCDKAIA(3) WRPRWLYD(1) 2 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26739405 Anti-birch pollen HMW allergens monoclonal antibody BIP3 Pollen allergens Not determined. Not determined. pVIII-9aa.Cys phage display library (CX9C) 2991 CHKLRCDKAIA(6) CKASSCDTGHC(1) CFFAWRSLPNCP(1) 3 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26739405 Anti-birch pollen HMW allergens monoclonal antibody BIP3 Pollen allergens Not determined. Not determined. pVIII-9aa.Cys phage display library (CX9C) 2992 HVDMIPR(29) ALPRIHN(27) FPLMGHG(23) GFATITG(21) EVLPYRE(20) EVPILRS(17) HIYTALV(12) AIYPNTY(4) 8 Phage display (subtractive panning) 5 PMID:26711806 Nogo-66 receptor (NgR1) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) The plates incubated with NgR1 were washed and followed by blocking with Nogo-66 for 12 h at room temperature. After washing with 0.05% TBST, the phages from the fourth round were added to the plates and the unbound positive phage were collected. 2993 DHLASLWWGTEL(70%) DWSSWVYRDPQT(22.5%) EHFSLWWNPPLV(5%) NHFSYEFWFSLP(2.5%) 4 Phage display (competitive panning) 5 PMID:26850086 Glypican-3 (GPC3) protein Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) The fifth round of panning procedure was slightly altered by using human recombinant GPC3 protein (100 μg/mL) for competing off the GPC3 binding peptide. 2994 GMVQTIF(8/16) CMTCLLA(2/16) GMVQTIW(2/16) AAISGWW(1/16) CMTCLLR(1/16) CMTCLIR(2/16) 6 Phage display (competitive panning) 4 PMID:26695281 Anti-OchratoxinA(OTA) monoclonal antibody 2A11 Ochratoxin A (OTA) Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) In the fourth round of panning, the elution buffer was a PBS solution containing 10% (v/v) methanol and 0.1 ng/mL OTA. 2995 SWLAMEF GGNPTIY MNPTYTM NVAPAMS QVRSVVH DQTQTPR DSKHNFS MGPPRTS TPIANPP YTSTGPA GTLWSSM SHGRINS HVLVPLH NMIPSHG TDTASRS 15 Phage display (subtractive panning) 4 PMID:27038522 α1β glycine receptor Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) Subtractive panning consisted of washing the phage library over negative selection HEK293 cells expressing α2β glycine receptors. 2996 STIHGST SIRLDSQ HAPKSDT DRMPHYF STFTKSP TGADLNT YTMPGEL VIPHVLS GVQIMGR NANAALP SWQQGPY GSSCCKT SILPYPY KLPGWSG NQLTTLN AAPTVPR QETRAPG NQLPLHA GPMLARG TTMPIDS TTPTKSA VQTYARG TSLNRYP SHTAPLR DVPVPQV 25 Phage display (subtractive panning) 4 PMID:27038522 α1β glycine receptor Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) Subtractive panning consisted of a pair of washes of library over negative selection HEK293 cells expressing α2β, followed by HEK 293 cells expressing α3β glycine receptors. 2997 MAAKYN(85.7%) MYVIRG(7.1%) SLSWVC(2.3%) QRKMAS(2.3%) MSKPKQ(2.3%) MAHYSG(2.3%) 6 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26995695 Leishmania major metacyclic parasite Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. X6 fdMED1 phage display library 2998 CKIPILANC CLSPTHMLC CTVHPRSLC CSTSPEHAC CSAPWNHAC CSAHNWPNC CSARFTYTC CSTYELSEC CMPWQKNRC CMPVWKPDC CVWYLSPYC CPDQYNVHC 12 Phage display (competitive panning) 3 PMID:26976271 Heterotrimeric tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (GatCAB) Glu-tRNAGln Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) In the third round, Glu-tRNAGln was used to specifically elute phages bound to GatCAB. 2999 NFMESLPRLGMH(8)[2.682 ± 0.052, 25.8] WHWTWPSEYPPP(4)[2.734 ± 0.064, 20.6] YPWPWWHSVSPW(3)[2.014 ± 0.159, NT] WHWTRLSEYPPP(3)[1.918 ± 0.042, NT] WHWTWLSEYPPP(2)[2.406 ± 0.138, NT] WHWTGLSEYPPP(2)[1.124 ± 0.063, NT] FHWHPWFTSVQY(2)[2.343 ± 0.137, NT] SLKIRSPLQLPK(1)[NT, NT] SVSVGMKPSPRP(1)[NT, NT] HFSSWMWAPSWT(1)[NT, NT] 10 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:27220907 Lipopolysaccharide, LPS Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA,Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) Affinities of isolated phage clones to S. Typhimurium were measured by phage ELISA. The plates were read at 450 nm using microplate reader (Synergy, Bio-Tek, USA). The experiments were performed in triplicates. Data shown (the first column) were reproduced from the graph. To further validate the ELISA results, Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis was performed for WHWTWPSEYPPP (pep38) and NFMESLPRLGMH (pep49) using Biacore T-200 (GE Healthcare Ltd., India). The SPR analysis was used to quantify the affinity of peptide towards its target, by calculating the dissociation constant (Kd, nM). The dissociation constants KD (μM) were shown (the second column). NT denotes not tested. The peptide NFMESLPRLGMH (pep49) derived from biopanning displayed a high affinity (25.8 nM) for the LPS of S. Typhimurium and low cross-reactivity with other strains of Salmonella and related Gram-negative bacteria. Further, pep49 was able to detect S. Typhimurium at a LOD of 1.0e3 CFU/mL using ELISA, and may be a potential cost efficient alternative to antibodies. 3000 CKMTRSTIC(29) CKIMISISC(19) CLIRRTSIC(8) CPLLTKLKC(8) CHIPSIHSC(8) CTHRRSTPC(7) CLHPPLTLC(6) CNLLLRTQC(5) CQMMLIRRC(4) CPRRSHPIC(4) CILRKIRPC(4) CKMNIRLSC(2) CSRRPTSIC(1) CLIRLILQC(1) CRMRKTLRC(1) CQPHHSIIC(1) CSTHIPSHC(1) CILRRRKRC(1) CSIRIHRRC(1) CSLRRHPIC(1) CRTKLRKLC(1) CHMQIMHRC(1) CTRMMLRIC(1) CTPRQTRMC(1) CMLNITRRC(1) CRKLPRISC(1) CPLQPKSIC(1) CPIRHRPIC(1) CRTMRIRLC(1) 29 Phage display (in vivo) 3 PMID:27173134 Endothelial cells (ECs) of ligated left carotid artery (LCA) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) Briefly, 1.0e11 plaque-forming units (pfu) of phages were injected intravenously into mice at 3 days after left carotid artery (LCA) ligation. After 10 minutes of circulation, the mice were anesthetized with zoletil and rompun, and pressure perfused with saline containing heparin (10 U/ml) via the left ventricle after severing the inferior vena cava to remove unbound phage. The LCA was then isolated. The carotid lumen was rapidly flushed using a 29-gauge insulin syringe with 200 μL of phage elution buffer (0.2M Glycine-HCl, pH 2.2) for detachment of bound phages from endothelium and subsequently neutralized with 30 μL of 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 9.1) using a 29-gauge insulin syringe into a microfuge tube. Eluted phages from LCA were amplified in Escherichia coli ER2738 for reinjection in the next round. Two peptides, CLIRRTSIC and CPRRSHPIC, selectively bound to arterial endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to disturbed flow not only in the partially ligated carotids but also in the lesser curvature and branching point of the aortic arch in mice as well as human pulmonary artery branches. Peptides were conjugated to branched polyethyleniminepolyethylene glycol polymer to generate polyplexes carrying siRNA targeting intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (siICAM-1). In mouse model, CLIRRTSIC polyplexes carrying si-ICAM-1 specifically bound to endothelium in disturbed flow regions, reducing endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that non-muscle myosin heavy chain II A (NMHC IIA) is a protein targeted by CLIRRTSIC peptide. Further studies showed that shear stress regulates NMHC IIA expression and localization in ECs. The CLIRRTSIC is a novel peptide that could be used for targeted delivery of therapeutics such as siRNAs to pro-atherogenic endothelium.