2901 NSTSSPQ LPASWHP SMNTFQP NPTPEKR KTSLPRL RTFDLPA PQPKTYQ SHLPAAL LTQTPTR 9 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:25802296 Protein TonB (33-239) Ferrienterobactin receptor Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) 2902 LPLSRHY(3) NTHHTSM(3) HLRHLTH(3) HTWRHHS(2) ANITHHH(2) HLRPHIH(2) HLNAHKH(1) QTDHSHS(1) HKHIPSH(1) HSSHHNH(1) HTRDHHH(1) HVHPSNA(1) HSGPMIR(1) LPTPPAP(1) RASPPAT(1) HEWTTHA(1) HAPTAHL(1) LTQSHTG(1) 18 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:25930968 Membrane protein (FXYD2)γa Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 2903 LPLSRHY(3) NTHHTSM(3) HDRLKSH(1) IHAHLPQ(1) QSNLHTI(1) HRFHHQE(1) HTNHQLH(1) PLQSSPR(1) SMLPHSP(1) LGRVQMM(1) NHAHSTP(1) DPAPRPR(1) DPWPWVK(1) LAVRSPP(1) HTRHIPH(1) 15 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:25930968 Membrane protein (FXYD2)γa Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 2904 HSMSLLTSHYHL(2)[2.07 ± 0.04] HYGFFSTHPLQH(1)[0.48 ± 0.06] HQPHHRYGSPFN(1)[0.63 ± 0.04] HNYPQYPRPPDV(1)[0.18 ± 0.01] WTKHHNHVHTPP(1)[0.91 ± 0.03] DISKMYLGPPPY(1)[0.63 ± 0.06] TLNMHLFPFHTG(1)[1.4 ± 0.04] AAMPLHWPGITQ(1)[0.65 ± 0.04] FDFPFWLRNPAP(1)[0.46 ± 0.03] 9 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26013256 Recombinant S-AD (rS-AD) protein Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA The binding activities of the selected phage clones to the recombinant S-AD (rS-AD) protein were measured by ELISA. The OD values at 490 nm was measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 1 in the reference. The experiments were performed in triplicate and presented as mean ± standard deviation. The non-binding phage library was served as the control, which had the value of 0.11 ± 0.03 when binding to the recombinant protein. Among the 9 phages selected that specifically bound to rSAD, the phage bearing the peptide TLNMHLFPFHTG bound with the highest affinity and was subsequently used to develop a phage-based ELISA for TGEV. 2905 NCEDYLPGWFCT(14/29) DCNARQAYSRCA(1/29) GCDWYAIWRTCI(1/29) HCLSRRAVLFCA(1/29) GCPPVVWRPSCS(1/29) TCLPDLQHSTCY(1/29) GCPRTTHDQACA(1/29) FCATPHTRPLCH(1/29) RCVPSREDPWCL(1/29) QCYKTEARITCY(1/29) SCERQYTPSECQ(1/29) KCRRGFLAHSCQ(1/29) 12 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:25944054 Plasmodium berghei female gametes Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. LX-8 phage display library (XCX8CX) After three rounds of selection, close to half of the recovered phages displayed the same NCEDYLPGWFCT peptide, named FG1 for Female Gamete peptide 1, which binds specifically to Plasmodium berghei female gametes. FG1 inhibits gamete fertilization and interferes with further development of the parasite in the mosquito. 2906 WHPWSYLWTQQA(12)[0.78 ± 0.05] TLWHPWHYPAMR(8)[0.62 ± 0.03] EYVSPYAGPTHQ(3)[0.52 ± 0.04] NNGHAQIYMVHK(3)[0.41 ± 0.02] WHYNSWYRWPVM(2)[0.39 ± 0.02] SYHHTPHFAGPP(1)[0.31 ± 0.02] HWWSWYTPFNHT(1)[0.28 ± 0.04] 7 Phage display (subtractive panning) 4 PMID:26140900 CD44 antigen protein Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA Affinities of the positive phage clones to CD44 protein were measured by phage ELISA. The A450 values were measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 1b in the reference. Unrelated phage were used as negative controls, which had the value of 0.20 ± 0.02 when the phage binded to the target. Phages from the library were firstly incubated with BSA. After incubation, the unbound phages was incubated with CD44 protein. The WHPWSYLWTQQA peptide exhibits affinity and specificity to CD44 on cells and has the potential to be used as a candidate probe for gastric cancer cell targeting. 2907 GWYEHNNYYQGV[1.24] ALYTLYPPDSLH[1.30] DRALYGPTVIDH[1.52] ALWPPNLHAWVP[1.45] 4 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26267086 Anti-bovine herpesvirus type 1(BoHV-1) polyclonal antibody IgG Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA Affinities of the positive phage clones to purified IgG, by affinity chromatography, from a serum bank of seropositive bovines infected with BoHV-1 were measured by phage ELISA. The OD values were measured at 490 nm and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 1a in the reference. The wild-type phage M13KE (Wt) was used as a negative control, which had the value of 0.52 when binding to the target. 2908 IDNSHTH(5) SVTIHHL(1) ITLREHH(1) KMISATE(1) VKLNLSG(1) GAMSHHK(1) ETSNTRL(1) HAGFVPS(1) YHAEHFN(1) LDHKWHK(1) GLSHEIH(1) HGGVRLY(1) HAGFVPS(1) SQLPFHH(1) HLNQQNH(1) KVLHGPH(1) 16 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:26177065 Agrobacterium vitis polygalacturonase Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) ELISA Affinities of the positive phage clones to agrobacterium vitis polygalacturonase (PG) were measured by phage ELISA. The A490 values were measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 2 in the reference. Data are represented as the mean of three replicates, and error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. In the first round of panning, phages were incubated with agarose beads bound with A. vitis polygalacturonase. Beads were harvested by low-speed centrifugation for 30 s, and the supernatant containing unbound phage was removed. The agarose beads were then washed 10 times with PBST and phages were eluted. In the second round, phages were incubated with blocked agarose beads containing no bound polygalacturonase to eliminate target-unspecific phage from the phage pool. The supernatant from this step was used in a second round of panning with polygalacturonase-bound beads. The peptide SVTIHHLGGGS was able to reduce A. vitis polygalacturonase activity by 35% in vitro. Truncation studies showed that the IHHL motif alone is sufficient to inhibit A. vitis polygalacturonase activity. 2909 CNRWHHLEC(2)[0.87 ± 0.03] CTAHHTKMC(2)[NT] CGHRDMLHC(2)[NT] CNFLYSWTC(1)[0.69 ± 0.02] CDLVRGHHC(1)[NT] CNHHRLPSC(1)[NT] CYSNSFSLC(1)[NT] CPTNQHHLC(1)[NT] CLEAHDHKC(1)[NT] CIEYHGHSC(1)[NT] CPRWHHLGC(1)[NT] 11 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:26177065 Agrobacterium vitis polygalacturonase Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-C7C phage display library (CX7C) ELISA Affinities of the positive phage clones to agrobacterium vitis polygalacturonase (PG) were measured by phage ELISA. The A490 values were measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 2 in the reference. Data are represented as the mean of three replicates, and error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. In the first round of panning, phages were incubated with agarose beads bound with A. vitis polygalacturonase. Beads were harvested by low-speed centrifugation for 30 s, and the supernatant containing unbound phage was removed. The agarose beads were then washed 10 times with PBST and phages were eluted. In the second round, phages were incubated with blocked agarose beads containing no bound polygalacturonase to eliminate target-unspecific phage from the phage pool. The supernatant from this step was used in a second round of panning with polygalacturonase-bound beads. 2910 NLSSSWI(3/48)[0.047 ± 0.025] PAERLRS(2/48)[0.039 ± 0.024] FLPASGL(1/48)[0.104 ± 0.023] PWPLPYL(1/48)[0.030 ± 0.004] WGLLDLT(1/48)[0.050 ± 0.005] RNLDGWS(1/48)[0.023 ± 0.008] TLPSNTH(1/48)[0.021 ± 0.015] MSAFPFL(1/48)[0.027 ± 0.010] SRLGQYI(1/48)[0.040 ± 0.007] PFGPLPP(1/48)[0.038 ± 0.028] TIASTLH(1/48)[0.018] PRAPADV(1/48)[0.047 ± 0.003] ESPLKRQ(1/48)[0.069 ± 0.016] 13 Phage display (competitive panning) 3 PMID:26312490 TGF-β1 receptors onto peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) surface Transforming growth factor beta-1, TGF-beta-1 Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) Affinities of the selected phage clones to TGF-β1 receptors onto peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) surface were measured by phage ELISA. The OD492 values were measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 1 in the reference. The wild-type phage was used as a negative control, which had the value of 0.030 ± 0.004 when this phage binded to the target. Phages that were bound to TGF-β1 receptors onto peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) surface were competitively eluted with 10 ng/mL of recombinant TGF-β1 (Sigma-Aldrich). 2911 NGSNRDIVEVQR[1.50] NQIYNRDYTEPT[1.45] YNRDMLETDYVN[1.48] QNTWNRDSIEET[1.46] FPEVSVNRLVVE[1.45] HVNRLHVEGPVP[1.49] KMTLPMNRSHVE[1.46] SYVTGGNRYAVE[1.50] SSYLSNRLFTEA[1.45] SATTMSNRYYTE[1.49] QPYNRSYIDFMV[1.31] N-R-[DLSY]-x-[VTI]-E 11 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26135599 Anti-dengue virus 2 monoclonal antibody DB21-6 Dengue virus 2, DENV2 Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA Affinities of the selected phage clones to mAb DB21-6 were measured by phage ELISA. The OD was measured at 490 nm and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 3b in the reference. 2912 LSNRLHVESLEL[1.36] NQTNRHFVEIVH[1.97] SGLDRNRQLVER[1.50] NRTLVELGYAML[1.28] VNRPWVETTTQG[1.55] IVPYSNRTVTET[1.64] NRVSNEPFWDIA[1.44] DYLNRSTNEPAL[1.35] SMPLSGRAVVEG[1.61] HTSLHSGRNSVE[1.36] SSPGVISRFLVE[1.50] DRYLVEYSSGRW[1.36] MPSGGRFLVEGA[1.44] [NG]-R-x(2)-[VN]-E 13 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26135599 Anti-dengue virus 2 monoclonal antibody DB39-2 Dengue virus 2, DENV2 Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) Affinities of the selected phage clones to mAb DB39-2 were measured by phage ELISA. The OD was measured at 490 nm and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 3b in the reference. 2913 GGARDAGKAEWW(26.7%)[0.98 ± 0.04] VDVDETNNQSYP(6.7%)[0.60 ± 0.01] EGEPDPRSIVGP(6.7%)[0.47 ± 0.02] 3 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26248692 Dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) Affinities of the selected phage clones to dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2)were measured by phage ELISA. The OD410 values were measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 1 in the reference. The wild-type phage was used as controls, which had the value of 0.21 ± 0.01 when the phage binded to the target. 2914 MPHPTKNFDLYV ALWPPNLHAWVP 2 Phage display (subtractive panning) 6 PMID:25699101 BG1 ovarian cancer cell Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) Phage display library was incubated with ovarian cancer cells (BG1), and un-captured phages were removed by the washing buffer. After five positive selection panning rounds, the positively selected phages were collected and incubated with other cancer cells. Unbound phages were collected and cloned into E. coli cells. 2915 DCAIVYAYDPCL(15/32) GCQPHEYSDPCA(12/32) ACLTTRPQPHCR(4/32) 3 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26216124 Kupffer cell Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. LX-8 phage display library (XCX8CX) The peptide DCAIVYAYDPCL strongly binds to the Kupffer cell surface and inhibits sporozoite Kupffer cell entry. Furthermore, the peptide also binds to CD68, a putative receptor for sporozoite invasion of Kupffer cells that acts as a gateway for malaria infection of the liver. 2916 SKVGYPT[0.36 ± 0.16] YKASLIT[1.00 ± 0.16] ALGGVAM[0.66 ± 0.35] QSPRSIS[0.77 ± 0.06] ANLWPDG[0.80 ± 0.05] GPLSHKG[0.19 ± 0.18] NNNWPWT[0.70 ± 0.09] IQMTDIA[0.44 ± 0.30] SRHLHEW[0.36 ± 0.02] APVTSMK[0.34 ± 0.07] ATNKITK[NT] 11 Phage display (subtractive panning) 11 PMID:26346061 Chromium(III) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) ELISA Affinities of the selected phage clones to Cr(III) were measured by phage ELISA. The A405 values were measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 2 in the reference. The library was used as controls, which had the value of 0.30 ± 0.03 when the phage library binded to the target. A complete biopanning procedure consists of prenegative screening against blank NTA resin (1 round), positive screening against Cr(III) (3 rounds), and postnegative screening against the other metal species (Iron ion : 1 round, Cadmium ion : 2 rounds, Copper ion : 2 rounds, Zinc ion : 1 round, Mercury ion: 1 round). 2917 QRHKPRE 1 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26181290 Extracellular domains(ECD) of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) 2918 TSISINPPRRPS[1.12 ± 0.09] SRPRPLIRNRRP[1.06 ± 0.01] MTIRRHRHRPKI[1.07 ± 0.02] SRRRIPRINRPQ[1.08 ± 0.09] KRRNTILINLPN[1.22 ± 0.03] TPIKKMIRRLPH[1.23 ± 0.02] LPTKRIIKRMRR[1.18 ± 0.19] MSLNLRMRPMRI[1.02 ± 0.06] KMTRRTHINQIS[1.03 ± 0.08] RSIPRIHINTTN[1.04 ± 0.04] 10 Phage display (subtractive panning) 3 PMID:26417591 IgG from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA Affinities of the selected phage clones to IgG from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients were measured by phage ELISA. The results were expressed as an arbitrary ELISA Index (EI) and calculated as follows: EI =Abs of serum sample/cut-off, where the cut-off was determined as the mean absorbance of the negative control sera plus two standard deviations. Values of EI > 1.0 were considered positive. For subtraction of nonspecific peptides, the M13 phage library was added to TBS-Tween 0.1%. After 30 minutes of incubation, magnetic separation was performed. The phage eluate was subtracted two more times prior to the positive selection, which was performed for 30 minutes against IgG-coupled beads of AD patients, completing one selection cycle. 2919 GWSLSTV[1.57 ± 0.05] WRDNAIA[1.69 ± 0.06] WNLNTTN[1.72 ± 0.05] WNLNHIF[1.53 ± 0.07] WSQTTVS[1.57 ± 0.04] WGENTIW[1.16 ± 0.03] FNLNTAM[1.43 ± 0.07] WNSNAIS[1.55 ± 0.09] AWNFNSQ[1.48 ± 0.05] WNFTARE[1.15 ± 0.02] WNQNTAS[1.73 ± 0.04] WTYTTFE[1.17 ± 0.03] WSQTTVS[1.37 ± 0.05] WNQNTVS[1.76 ± 0.07] WNSNAIS[1.30 ± 0.05] 15 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26289074 Anti-avian influenza virus nonstructural protein 1 MAb D9 Avian influenza virus nonstructural protein 1 Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) ELISA Affinities of the selected phage clones to anti-avian influenza virus nonstructural protein 1 MAb D9 were measured by phage ELISA. The OD490 values were measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 4 in the reference. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the results from three replicate experiments. 2920 YSPFHKWFPSMH(6)[0.83 ± 0.12] VSWKTWFPNLAV(2)[0.81 ± 0.17] IPQVWRDWFKLP(1)[0.70] FPAWFTKLYPRT(1)[0.98] QINTAKWWKTHF(1)[0.77] DASKALRSSGMP(1)[0.82] 6 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26405107 Cholera toxin B protein, CTB Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) ELISA Affinities of the selected phage clones to cholera toxin B were measured by phage ELISA. The A492 values were measured and data shown were reproduced from the Fig. 1b in the reference. 2921 PHLATLF(8/10)[2.86 ± 0.46] 1 Phage display (in vivo) 3 PMID:26081347 Ovarian cancer A2780 cell Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. FliTrx M13 phage display library (X7) ELISA Affinities of the selected phage clones to ovarian cancer A2780 cell were measured by cell-based ELISA. The binding of each phage to the A2780 cells was compared with the original library locus coeruleus. The phage optical density ratio of >2.1 indicated that specific binding to the A2780 cells. In the initial step, a 7-mer library was injected into nude mice through a vein. After three rounds of screening, phages were enriched. 2922 RKVFHASTS RKIVHAQTP KKVFATSGS ARRVMFVTT RRVLSAMHP RRAISTTVS RRAINNLPM RRSTTHAAA YRKTFQPPT KRFTMPPHP RRYTHPNNS KKAHPGGSP GKRASQSTL IWTKRVAKT 14 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26164011 Histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. pVIII-9aa phage display library (X9) 2923 LMQINPTYYQIM(8/10) WSFNPSTYTIAG(1/10) HDFVADMYQLAQ(1/10) 3 Phage display (subtractive panning) 5 PMID:26292945 Anti-immunodominant region of the PEDV Spike protein (S1) monoclonal antibody 5E12 Spike protein S1 region Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-12 phage display library (X12) During first to third rounds of panning, the purified MAb-5E12 was incubated with the crude phage library or with eluted phage. In order to remove non-specific, antibody-binding molecules, in the fourth round of biopanning, an unrelated MAb was incubated with the third round-eluted phage. The unbound phage was subjected to a fifth round of panning. 2924 AHSGMYP 1 Phage display (common panning) 3 PMID:26299762 Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) H446 cell Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. Ph.D.-7 phage display library (X7) The peptide AHSGMYP exhibited excellent antitumor efficacy and particularly effectively inhibited the liver metastases with better tolerance. Results of cellular uptake and biodistribution indicated that the excellent antitumor efficacy of AHSGMYP was attributed to both the increased accumulation of drug and cellular uptake. 2925 ACDSCSYAKLCQ(7/25) KCLTQQPTTMCD(1/25) CCHSTREVRMCK(1/25) LCCRFASRSSCC(1/25) HCRIPPSQTVCE(1/25) ACRKYLPTIPCP(2/25) PCQNRLPRYICS(1/25) PCAGQSLAKLCQ(1/25) 8 Phage display (common panning) 4 PMID:26341796 Caprine umbilical vein endothelial cell Not determined. Not determined. Not determined. LX-8 phage display library (XCX8CX)