226 X15 phage display library 15 2.0e7 Chiron (Emeryville, CA) Completely random Linear 227 C9C T7 phage display library 9 1.0e10 I. Todd Completely random Circular The peptides were expressed near the C-terminus of the T7 gene X surface coat protein (415 copies per phage). The random peptides of the T7 library were encoded by double stranded DNA inserts assembled from synthetic degenerate oligonucleotides and cloned into gene X of the vector (T7select415-1) (Bioscience, Cambridge, UK) at HindIII and EcoRI restriction sites. The vector DNA and insert DNA were ligated with T4 DNA ligase, and assembled into phage using T7Select packaging extract (BioScience, Cambridge, UK). The phage were amplified in E. coli BL21. 228 CX15C phage display library 15 1.8e8 Gardsvoll H Completely random Circular A random 15-mer constrained peptide library was constructed in the pComb8 phagemid, and consists of a random 15 amino acid sequence, flanked by two cysteine residues for a cyclic conformation. 229 CX7C+CX8C+CX10C+CX3CX3CX3C+CX3CX4CX2C phage display library pool 7-10 Erkki Koivunen (Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland) Semi-random Circular 230 X9 λ phage display library 9 Gianni Cesareni (Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy) Completely random NNK Linear The library of C-terminal random nonapeptides was constructed in lambda phage. 231 X6 phage display library 6 Pasqualini R, Arap W Completely random Phage display random peptide libraries based on vector fUSE5 displaying inserts with the general arrangementX6 (X-any amino acid residue) were designed and constructed with a diversity of 1.0e8 to 1.0e9 clones. 232 Tendamistat loop I phage display library (xQxxxxxxSx) 8 3.9e8 William F.DeGrado Semi-random NNS Linear The β-turn region between two anti-parallel β-strands on the loop I of tendamistat, an inhibitor of α-amylase, was extended by two residues and randomized in a phagemid library. 233 RGDX phage display library (xxRGDxxxxx) 7 3.2e8 William F.DeGrado Semi-random NNS Linear In library, the RGD motif was fixed at a particular position of loop I, with the libraries being designated as RGDX. Seven residues flanking the motif, including the conserved residues Q16 and S21, were randomized. 234 XRGD phage display library (xxxRGDxxxx) 7 1.4e8 William F.DeGrado Semi-random Linear In library, the RGD motif was fixed at a particular position of loop I, with the libraries being designated as and XRGD. Seven residues flanking the motif, including the conserved residues Q16 and S21, were randomized. 235 X6 phage display library 6 6.4e7 2.4e8 Jeffrey W. Smith Completely random NNK Linear Substrate phage display library pool were generated using a modified version of the fUSE5 phagemid. A FLAG epitope was engineered at the NH2 terminus of the geneIII protein by ligating them into fUSE5 at the KpnI and XbaI restriction sites. 236 X5 phage display library 5 3.2e6 1.8e8 David Deperthes Completely random NNS Linear Substrate phage display library pool were generated using a modified pH0508b phagemid. The construction consists of a His6 tag at either end of a Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-repeat-rich region that precedes the carboxyl-terminal domain (codons 249-406) of the M13 gene III. 237 CX6C phage display library 6 1.0e6~1.0e7 Wadih Arap(The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, USA) Completely random Circular A phage display random peptide library based on the vector fUSE5 displaying the insert CX6C (C, cysteine; X, any amino-acid residue) was constructed with a size between 1 × 10e6 and 1 × 10e7. The fUSE5 plasmid is propagated in F'-minus host bacteria Escherichia coli MC1061. These bacteria should be grown in LB media (100 μg/mL streptomycin and 20 μg/mL tetracycline). The fUSE5 vector was engineered to contain a 14-bp “stuffer” that renders the phage noninfective by disrupting the gene III reading frame. 238 X12 phage display library 12 Lee KY Completely random Linear The phage display library was constructed from the pCANTAB5E phagemid vector (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ, USA) with 12 random amino acids, cyclized by flanking cysteines with the N-terminal extension AAQPACX12CAAA. The complexity of the library was approximately 1.0e8 with a titer of 1.0e11 cfu/mL. 239 pComb8 CX15C phage display library 15 Department of Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Completely random Circular 240 pIF4 X15 phage display library 15 P. Monaci (Instituto di Ricerche di Biologia Moleculaire [IRBM], Rome, Italy) Completely random Linear 241 pIF4 X28 phage display library 28 P. Monaci (Instituto di Ricerche di Biologia Moleculaire [IRBM], Rome, Italy) Completely random Linear 242 X10 phage display library 10 2e6 Fischer HD Completely random Linear The random decapeptides were produced as N-terminal fusions to the pIII surface protein of fd filamentous phage. The degenerate DNA inserts coding the decapeptides were chemically synthesized with an equal mixture of all four nucleotide bases at the three positions in each of the ten codons. 243 CPL4b phage display library (DGXXXCRGDCXXX) 13 1.0e6 Semi-random Circular Library CPL4b was based on vector fdVT3. The RGD motif library displaying the randomized peptides as g3p fusion protein is generated: CPL4b (DGXXXCRGDCXXX...) with the X residues (=L, V, F, Y,W, R, H, D, E, C, Q, S, G, A or P) encoded by the triplet BNK. 244 fUSE5-based X10 phage display library 10 Oddmund Bakke Completely random Linear 245 X4CX2GPX4CX4 phage display library 14 5e8 Brian C. Cunningham Semi-random Circular X4CX2GPX4CX4 library was designed to incorporate a type I beta-turn within the disulfide loop as observed in the bound conformation of a peptide agonist of the erythropoeitin receptor. Random peptides were displayed as N-terminal fusions linked through a glycine-rich spacer sequence to the multicopy Gene VIII phage coat protein. 246 X(i)CX(j)CX(k) phage display library pool 20 4e9 Brian C. Cunningham Semi-random NNS Circular Seven disulfide-constrained peptide libraries of the form X(i)CX(j)CX(k), with j values ranging from 4 to 10 and i+j+k=18 were generated and pooled. The seven libraries were X7CX4CX7, X7CX5CX6, X6CX6CX6, X6CX7CX5, X5CX8CX5, X5CX9CX4 and X4CX10CX4. Random peptides were displayed as N-terminal fusions linked through a glycine-rich spacer sequence to the multicopy Gene VIII phage coat protein. 247 CPL4c phage display library (XXXCRGDCXXX) 11 4.0e4 Semi-random Circular Library CPL4c was based on vector fdVT3. The RGD motif library displaying the randomized peptides as g3p fusion protein was generated: CPL4c (XXXCRGDCXXX...) with the X residues (=L, V, F, Y,W, R, H, D, E, C, Q, S, G, A or P) encoded by the triplet BNK. 248 X15 fUSE5 phage display library 15 2.5e8 Hideyuki Saya (Kumamoto University) Completely random NNK Linear The randomized peptide sequences in the library were displayed on a filamentous phage (fd phage) surface protein (pⅢ). 249 CX9C phage display library 9 1.6e6 M. A. A. Persson Completely random NNK Circular The fUSE 2 vector from filamentous phage vector fd-tet was modified as follows to obtain the vector fAST. 250 CX15C phage display library 15 1.8e6 M. A. A. Persson Completely random NNK Circular The fUSE 2 vector from filamentous phage vector fd-tet was modified as follows to obtain the vector fAST.